OK, I Can Spare You A Minute

Build credibility and rapport
When you first get the chance to have a conversation with someone in anything that might turn out to be a business context, there are several important things you must establish extremely quickly.  You need to start building credibility and rapport; you need to start allowing the other party to decide whether a 'relationship' with you might be of value to them.  You need to be 'interesting' and 'interested'!

You need to start building credibility and rapport.
You need to be 'interesting' and 'interested' for this.

Train your sales team
When this rapport has got off the ground, you may need to start 'training' this possible member of your 'surrogate sales team' to spot others who may find knowing you of value.  The ability to do this part clearly and succinctly is often referred to as an Elevator Pitch.

"An elevator pitch is an overview of an idea for a product, service, or project.  The name reflects the fact that an elevator pitch can be delivered in the time span of an elevator ride (for example, thirty seconds and 100-150 words)." - Wikipedia

Start training your 'surrogate sales team' to spot others who may find you of value

Where to start?
Before you can start constructing and refining your elevator pitch you must have the following information available to you about your business.

• Who is your ideal customer?
• What problem do most of them have?
• What pain(s) does having that problem cause?
• What good does your customer get out of what are you selling?
  i.e. How does no longer having the pain make them feel?  All the ways!
• Why do your customers choose you, and not one of your rivals?
  All the ways!

Note which of these are singular and which are plural!

Just one ideal customer type should be defined purely by information in the public domain.  For example, there isn't an SIC code for companies with cash-flow problems!  We all know you can work with other types but you have to pick one at a time.

Their biggest problem is unlikely to be voiced at first, but finding and fixing this will remove their pains far more effectively than merely relieving one 'symptom'.  Understanding their symptoms will lead you to your diagnosis of the underlying 'disease'.  It will take a conversation with an individual to discover whether or not they display these symptoms.

Define your ideal customer by public domain information.
It will take a conversation to discover their symptoms.

Size matters!
Now you can start to construct your 'Elevator Pitch'.  In fact I believe you need several elevator pitches: 60 seconds, 30 seconds, 1 breath, 1 word or phrase - all have their place.

Practically you'll have to start long, then distil and refine.  You just won't get it right starting short and trying to expand.  You'll need to test and measure to see if your messages are coming across, and being received and understood.  Get a friend to ask someone what you do!

If you are a regular networker, you may feel the need to vary your pitch so you don't seem repetitive, but this risks confusing your listeners.  Getting the one-phrase version right, and then using this every time as an 'Anchor', you become known for that phrase, people aren't confused, and you can safely ring the changes.

You need several elevator pitches: 60 seconds, 30 seconds,
1 breath, and 1 word or phrase

A helping hand
One possible template for a longer elevator pitch is:
"I work with (ideal customers) who (widely held problem) which means that (widely suffered pain).  I help them (pain relief) so that they (life without pain)."

An alternative opening might be:
"You know how (ideal customers) are always (widely held problem) which means that ......"

Go on!  Give it a try.  Confidence come from practise, not further study!  Use the one-breath version as your intro on cold calls too, for instance.



Both of these ideas steer miles away from:
"I am (what it says on the second line of my business card).  I can do (a list of all the things you ever have or ever might have done)."  Followed by the unspoken, "What do you think?"  Or more likely, "No, please don't walk away from me.  Surely you can't go and find someone more interesting!"

I work with (ideal customers) who ...
I help them (pain relief) ...

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Be Interesting; Be Interested

I am making a huge leap of faith here.  I am going to assume that you don't want to be viewed as being dull and boring!  Or do you think you will be better liked and stand more chance of getting referrals if you are?  Was I right?  I sincerely hope so.

If people aren't already telling you that you're one of the most interesting and friendly people in the room, then you might want to do something about it.

Back in summer 2009 there was a lot of talk about a Swine Flu epidemic, but why do you suppose are there only epidemics of bad things?  Epidemic actually means 'a larger number of cases than expected', so how might you create an epidemic of people who think you're interesting?

Some of the ideas discussed in my 'Pricing By Value' Workshop are definitely applicable here.

To be interesting and memorable you must provide what the other person regards as valuable, for a very reasonable investment on their part, and receive in return something you rate highly profitable.  This applies whether you are meeting someone for the first time or re-encountering an old friend.

Taking the second of these ideas first, you may think the reasonable investment will consist of the other person taking the time to listen to you tell your tale - so you'd better not take too long.  But this is very 'me-centred' and is time-based, and thus cost-based.  How would it be if the other person's 'reasonable investment' was taking the offered (by you) opportunity to tell you about their business?  To recruit you into their surrogate sales team and train you?  Wouldn't this show you to be 'interested'?  Surely this is one of the components of being 'interesting'.

This takes us back to the first idea above.  One value outcome for the other person would be to have recruited and trained a new salesperson.  Additional value may have been perceived through your probing questioning, where you ensured you fully understood their market and product, which has helped them understand it more too and hence become better able to explain it to others in future.  But how might this be profitable for you?

By behaving in this way, which is so unlike the way most people behave, you are seen as being highly memorable by being highly interesting as well as highly interested!  But this won't be the end of the encounter.  Having derived so much value from you, the other person will feel obliged to reciprocate, and if they don't you may wish to do a little prompting.

Now their 'reasonable investment' is listening to you, so reply in a way that answers some of the questions you have recently asked them.  Do resist though, the temptation to do this without a break.  Part of the value to the other person is being allowed the opportunity to practise the questioning skills they have just heard you use, knowing how nice is was to be treated in this way.

Their value outcome this time results from their very clear understanding of how you help your customers, who they are, and the good they get out of you doing so.  The fact that they can add to their own value to their clients by bringing you in when appropriate is part of this value.  And your profit this time is in having another well-trained member of your sales team.

Of course it's possible to swap 'you' and 'other person' in all of this and it reads just as well, and is just as true!  Genuinely win-win I'd say.

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Unaccustomed As I Am

Talking about MPs [We were, weren't we?  At least here in the UK just now!], some years ago one of the major parties tried to help its newly elected Members of Parliament by issuing them with a template for a maiden speech.
Knowing that even to appear on a ballot paper requires pragmatism, common sense and intelligence, the covering note reminded timorous new Members to insert the name of their own constituency in the gap!

Fortunately, better advice is available for the rest of us, and politicians too if they choose to look for it!  Making a 'maiden' speech to any audience of speakers might feel terrifying, but they will all remember their first time and will be willing you to succeed.

If you appear in front of them and start off by apologising, they'll expect the worst.  Don't be too hard on yourself.  We all have things we don't like about ourselves, but the reality of public speaking is that the audience doesn't see them.  So, harder as it is to do this than to say it, RELAX!

Know your subject, and know that the audience are interested in hearing about it.  Be passionate about it, and know the details.  If you're asked to speak about something you don't know about, learn about it!

Never, ever waffle, apologise or thank people for listening!  Too many speakers open with self-deprecating remarks.  Sure the best person to tell a story against is yourself, but not right at the start!  Without words, your body language is capable of committing the same sin.  So don't come on cowering and trembling, saying "I don't really know why they've asked me.  I'm not very good at this."  Take a few deep breaths, walk on stage looking confident, and smile.  Then, by way of a good, relevant introduction which grabs your audience, get to the point!

The first few seconds of your speech are crucial.  You have to grab the attention of your audience, so how can you do this?  How can you gain and keep their attention?  Firstly, engage your audience.  Some ideas for doing this are:

• A question to the audience
• An amazing statistic
• A comparison between two unrelated things
• A promise to reveal a secret
• An amusing story

Whichever you do, and I'm sure you can think of other ideas of your own, you need to make them think.  Within your 'introduction' you should also be telling them how long your talk will take, why they will enjoy it, and what they will get from it.  Then tactfully tell them that they will receive that value only if they pay attention to you right to the end.

Learn from other people's speeches, and everyday conversation.  Analyse what people do to get the reactions you seek.  For example, groups of three ideas have worked well for a very long time, and still do; from "Faith, hope, and love" in the New Testament, to "Education, Education, Education" in the 21st century.

There is a difference between written and spoken English so don't try to speak an essay, and don't try to convey too much information.  The written word is good for communicating details, but speaking much less so.  And keep it short and simple!  The full St Matthew version of the Lord's Prayer is only 66 words!

Weave imagery and anecdotes (your own!) into your speeches.  Imagery
pre-dates writing and continued apace whilst general literacy levels were not high.  Coats of arms and mediaeval inn signs are examples which survive, but parables and fables were once the only means of preserving knowledge.
Yet again, keep the anecdote short and simple.  The parable of the Good Samaritan takes only 165 words!

The ability to ad-lib, or speak "off the cuff" is often seen as an enviable skill, but look at the literal meanings of these phrases.  Ad Libitum translates as 'to the freest extent' or 'as much as one desires', and your shirt cuff is where you might well have written carefully researched and abbreviated aides memoires!.  So actually we are claiming to admire both long and rambling and carefully scripted speeches!  Over-confidence in your ability to 'wing it' can lead to an aimless, pointless speech with no clear structure and no clear message.

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Succeeding In Spite of Yourself

What does it mean to shoot yourself in the foot?  Is it that you're not just aiming too low, you're aiming so dangerously low that your foot is in the sights as you pull the trigger?  Or is it what the military call a 'negligent discharge'?  Have you accidentally pulled the trigger while your gun is still in its holster, muzzle downwards?

Whichever you prefer, the common thread is carelessly, stupidly, naïvely doing something that causes you pain and delay, and does you more harm than good.

I have come across many examples of businesses shooting themselves in the foot, so I thought I'd list some pitfalls for you to recognise and avoid.  You can imagine a (falsely) reasoned argument in favour of each of these.  I believe the counter argument carries far more weight in each case.

1. Selling to the wrong people
   Don't push your business on everyone you meet!  Know how to identify your ideal customer.  It's a waste of time trying to sell to people who simply don't need what you're offering.
   
   
2. Selling the wrong product
   Don't assume all your ideal customers want what you are selling!  Even if you believe they need it, they have to want it before you can sell it to them.  It's a waste of time trying to sell to people who don't even need what you're offering.
   
   
3. Forgetting your Unique Selling Point(s) - USP(s)
   You must offer more than just items of value to the ideal customers.  You must give them good reasons to buy from you rather than your competitors.  You must consistently tell them why you and your products are uniquely placed to help them.
   
   
4. Failing to focus on value creation
   Customers only want to buy from you because the value they get from the purchase far outweighs the value of the money they have to part with to do so.  If you don't create value for them, in their minds, they will see no need to purchase.
   
   
5. Haphazard Marketing
   You need a Marketing strategy that covers all areas of the customers' long-term relationships with your business - From them first finding out you exist, to them telling all their friends how good you are!
   
   
6. Ignoring the only three ways to grow a business
   Getting more people, to spend more, more often - These three 'mores' are the only three ways to grow a business.  You must balance your efforts to increase each factor according to your market and the needs of your business.
   
   
7. Ignoring repeat business
   The third 'more'! - You need to keep your customers aware of your existence, and have the 'more' there for them to buy
   
   
8. Ignoring Up-Selling
   The second 'more'! - You need to offer products or services that are complementary to the things the customers initially wanted to buy
   
   
9. Only advertising when you need Customers
   The first 'more'! - This is the one people usually focus on to the exclusion of the others.  "We need more sales so how can we find more new customers?"  Advertising isn't the only form of promotion, and promotion should be an on-going activity.
   
   
10. Not tracking results
    Not even the 'experts' can accurately predict what will work for you and what won't.  You have to test and measure each Marketing activity.  You have to know what produced what.  Then, if it doesn't work, drop it.  But if it does work, do more of it!
    
    
11. Not following things through
    If you're like most, you'll have many, many things you'd like to try.  Don't waste time and money starting something that you can't follow through.
    
    
12. Running an advert only once
    If you fix your 'haphazard Marketing', you'll be aware that people need to be given several opportunities to fully absorb your messages.  If your promotional activity doesn't produce results first time, it's probably never been given the chance!
    
    
13. Copying the Competition
    Do what you need to do because you know that you need to do it.  Believe me, all your competitors could easily be making the same foolish mistake!  Quite possibly because they all followed blindly!
    
    
14. Trying to save where it counts
    Don't try to save money in places where it shows.  When it comes to what your customers can see, you should spend whatever it takes to get everything looking right.
    
    
15. Spending too much money, unwisely
    Your business should put cash into your pocket, so before you invest money into it, be clear on how you're going to pull that cash back out again
    
    
16. Spending too little money
    Equally, don't be miserly and don't let frugality get in the way of efficiency.  Take advantage of skilled outsiders who can do certain tasks more efficiently than you can.
    
    
17. Going against your intuition
    While you might think that logic is the language of business, that's far from the truth.  If you base all your business deals on hard logic and ignore your intuition, you'll get hurt!
    
    
18. Being too formal
    Business is built on relationships and human beings don't want to build relationships with faceless corporations.  They only want relationships with other human beings, so build rapport and relax formality as appropriate.
    
    
19. Failing to optimize
    You can't simply focus on creating value, and imagine the rest will take care of itself.  As a business owner, you need to find a way to deliver your value in a cost effective way.
    
    
20. Not collecting your money on time
    Collecting money from people can be hard, so collect a substantial portion of the money first before you provide anything.  When it comes to debt-collecting, if you act like you don't need the money, you'll never get paid!

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Recruit And Train Your Sales Team

One of your reasons for attending a Networking meeting should be to recruit and train members of your surrogate sales team.  You are lucky if you can sell to someone in the room; you need to have them and their address books selling for you.  Pretty obviously they'll have no idea how to do this and no motivation to try, until you have told them.

Coupled with another of your reasons for attending - the ability to meet and get to know strangers - this means that 'recruitment' will be on your agenda.  Please be careful!  Don't try to rush into 'induction training' too early, and don't neglect further training for existing team members.  People who already know you, what you do and who you do it for, can be re-invigorated by some pertinent Continuing Professional Development (CPD).

Assuming you've broken the ice, established some rapport and are starting to enjoy each other's company, there is some pretty fundamental stuff you need to communicate, and then be sure has been received, understood and stored.

You can also use these same 'headings' when someone is recruiting and training you into their surrogate sales team.  If you don't understand these things about them and their business, you won't be an effective member of their team, so don't be afraid of letting them know you haven't quite got the full picture.  They will thank you for letting them help you be a better ambassador for their organisation, and they might just get better at explaining themselves in the future.  You will need to know:

• How to identify their Ideal Customers, using only public domain information - e.g. 10 to 40 person accountancy practices within 30 miles of Cambridge
• What 'symptoms' to look out for when you encounter one - e.g. Suffering from cash-flow problems
• How to check these really are symptoms of a 'disease' they can cure - e.g. They can only fix some of these personally: Low sales? Unprofitable sales? Excessive debtor days? High overheads? Inefficient staff and/or procedures?
• How to explain how wonderful life would be without these symptoms
• How to indirectly establish enough credibility for them, to allow contact

Neither of you is trying to get the other to sell their product or service for them!  What what both of you want the other to do is gain permission to broker an introduction, and then do so.

The sales training you do with your team on these occasions can be similar to training a 'regular', employed sales team.

• Some members of the team will be performing better than others, so study and analyse what they do, and share the ideas with the rest of the team
• Make study and analysis a continual activity, not a one-off fait accompli
• Best practice has to constantly evolve - something new might make the best even better
• Best practice may need to adapt rapidly to sudden changes in the market
• Don't neglect the 'tried and tested' techniques that new recruits can adopt, without fear of your (management's) disapproval
• Ask the entire team for ideas - "What's working for you right now?"

Again the best could get even better.  Modelling the best is just a starting point, a benchmark, a springboard, so accept ideas from anywhere.

Just as with a 'regular' team, you need to encourage communication within the team and with 'management'.  Encourage discussion of difficulties and have systems in place for team members to debate specific issues amongst themselves as well as with you.

As well as understanding prospects' problems and circumstances, all the team must be able to access the information which allows them to understand your problems and your circumstances.  By this I mean that they need to know the questions you (management) will ask as part of monitoring their performance, so they will have asked their own questions of the prospect and have answers ready for you.  They will be able to monitor their own performance against these well-publicised and understood rules too.  Bi-directional feedback will be of great help in resolving any bottlenecks.

For your surrogate team, out there prospecting on your behalf, processes and later developments of them will only work if the team 'buy into' them.  Your surrogate team need to feel listened to, the processes need to make sense, and they need to be extremely simple to follow.

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Sales Presentations Are So Last Century

My advice to anyone asking about a sales presentation would be, don't do it!  What purpose do you think it will achieve?

Why would you ever need to make a sales presentation?  If you don't yet understand inside-out and upside-down the prospect's fundamental problems and the circumstances in which they exist, how can you possibly know what to present?

And if you do understand, it's not a sales presentation, is it!  You will be presenting your suggestions, your proposal, won't you?

Yet many thousands of words continue to be written on the subject of sales presentations, by well respected people in their books and in well respected publications.  Just looking recently at a small number of articles on this subject revealed some amazing things.

I find it frightening that this stuff is being broadcast to sales teams as state of the art, immutable fact, under the banner of professional bodies who claim to represent these teams' interests.  Within the 'sales advice' community there seems to be this continued fixation with:

1. Giving sales presentations - Generally involving PowerPoint or something similar
2. Having a 'one size fits all' sales presentation, yet one that is flexible
3. Letting specialist outside companies produce your sales presentations

Authors identify the five situations where they feel you ought to want to give a sales presentation:

1. In meetings with buyers
2. In corporate account presentations
3. When helping your 'customer champion' to convince their colleagues
4. At events where 'customers' gather
5. As a response to a request for information!

The advice seems to be grouped into four categories:

1. General Advice
2. Detailed Advice
3. Presentation Design
4. Detailed Design Steps

My own reactions to all the points raised can be summarised as one of:

• Hear, hear! - because I agree
• Why? - because I don't believe they've justified their assertion
• Amazing! - said with huge irony
• Well, yes! - said with almost as much irony
• Expletive deleted! - said in genuine amazement that anyone could still think that way

Let me give you the detail on the first two.

General Advice

• Your presentation must be flexible - Repeated ad nauseam - Amazing.  So why try to have a one size fits all?
• Cover your scope and capability - Why?  Surely it should be about what the customer will get out, not what you can put in!
• Use a specialist presentation design company - Why?  Apart maybe from graphic design and PowerPoint coding, shouldn't your sales and marketing team be well enough skilled and well enough trained to write the copy themselves?

Detailed Advice

• Keep it to 15 slides so you don't bore the audience - #ED!  And 15 won't?
• Think from the buyer's point of view - Amazing!  Is there any other way?
• Don't just blow your own trumpet - #ED!  Words fail me!
• Start your presentation by describing the state of your marketplace - Why?  What interest does the audience have in that, that they aren't aware of already?
• Get an early agreement on something, anything - Hear, hear!
• Use your smartness to create a pleasant surprise - #ED!  And being a smart-arse is the way to build lasting, win-win relationships?
• Convince the audience by showing what you can deliver - Well, yes!  But if, and only if, what you deliver is being described in 'value to the customer' terms - which is quite a different thing from benefits - and is pertinent.
• There is often too much focus on what the salesman wants to say rather than on what the buyer wants to hear - Amazing!  And yet you're still trying to push the idea of a sales presentation!
• The salesman is trying to promote change and all change is risky - Hear, hear!
• Few sales presentations actually address the senior decision makers - Amazing!  You could never guess they would be involved in the decision making, could you!
• You don't need to be the biggest or the best to win - #ED! You don't say.
• Linking content to customer outcomes gives you the ability to quote higher prices - Why?  Linking content to outcomes allows the buyer to see the value, and thus see the return on their investment!
• Your audience is under time pressure and is inwardly focussed - Well, yes!  So cut the crap and get them to admit the value outcomes to themselves!
• Only present when you've established a potential need - Amazing!  Unless there is a full-bore want, why waste time on a presentation?
• Your presentation should turn 'need' into 'desire' - Amazing!  And there was me thinking your 'conversation' should allow the 'prospect' to do this for themselves!
• Research your audience and their business requirements - Hear, hear!  But do use the best source for that information - Your audience!
• Address the concerns of each member of your audience individually - Well, yes!
• Hone your abilities at handling supplementary questions in the Q&A session at the end - Well, yes!
• Spread enthusiasm and take your time - Well, yes!

There is another way, a better way.  If you recognise yourself or your organisation in any of these, please allow me the chance to talk to you and start to explain that there are other ways.

There's lots more advice like this in my regular bulletin.  Get your FREE copy!

Destroying Your Reputation And Your Relationships

There are many ways to build a better reputation and great relationships.  It's probably true that it takes less time to destroy them than it took to build them, and it may well take even longer to re-build them.  We tend to notice these 'many ways' most readily when they go wrong in a big way, but often we are doing ourselves and our chances no good at all in small ways yet we don't realise we're doing it!

Communication
In our conversations and written communications we might be guilty of being patronising by asking lightweight, rhetorical questions at which the other person takes offence.  Even something as simple as, "Would you like to save time and money?" could be seen as patronising.

Then, our more heavyweight questions might be seen as too aggressive.  For example, "Are you sure you're getting it right every time?"

Many people dislike undue familiarity too soon in a relationship.  Using people's Christian names without even unspoken permission can set them against you, and they almost certainly won't tell you directly why they've now gone cold towards you.

Another gaffe to avoid is the use of highly dated clichés.  It just shows you've only learned what you know from a textbook, and you couldn't be bothered to buy an up to date one either!  This applies both to 'Sales speak' and to 'Adviser- or Sales Manager speak'.  Who wants to read, let alone hear, "And that's not all.  Just wait and see what else our product can do for you" or "Remember, people buy from people".  The thoughts may be correct but please, craft your own version of the message.

It is easily possible to get somebody's back up by being assumptively critical, so don't.  "You too can have an apartment in Monte Carlo like mine," isn't the best thing to say.  And putting people into categories when it's obvious you've had no prior contact doesn't do you any good at all, even if it's based on public domain information.  "As someone with two outstanding County Court Judgements against you ..."

Reliability
As well as in conversation and communication, another sure way to damage your reputation is by being seen to fail to deliver on promises you have made.  I have already explained elsewhere that the making and keeping of promises is an essential part of building people's trust in you.  If you behave like that before they're paying you, how much better will you be once they start?  And conversely, if you keep breaking promises before they start paying you, how likely is it you'll change your behaviour once they start?

The problem is that the apparent breaking of a promise can often be the result of the two parties having a different interpretation of what the promise actually was!

At its crudest, there are three elements to a promise.  For the sort of small promises I advocate you make and keep - actually I recommend you 'trade' them - continually, much of this doesn't require to be written, but it's still a good idea to make sure it is understood in the same way by both of you.

A promise generally consists of three elements, and it's essential to agree on these at the outset.

• Deliverables
• Payment
• Timescale

I believe deliverables are easy, but then my degree is in Engineering!  In that world there are some simple rules:

• If you want it, ask for it
• If it isn't in the design specification, don't be surprised if it isn't delivered
• The specification should be a list of 'questions' not 'answers' - You're paying for the 'answers'!
• If the form of the 'answer' is that important to you, it should form part of the 'question'

Going back to Henry Ford's quotation, don't ask for a faster horse if what you want is to be able to get 300 miles from Chicago to Detroit in just one day!
However, if you want to win the Derby, then ask for a faster horse!

Another thing that needs to be agreed up-front is how both parties will agree that the deliverables have been delivered - the Acceptance Criteria.  As I said, with very simple promises it's so easy it doesn't need writing down.  "I'll call you tomorrow at 10:30," contains the design specification, the acceptance criteria, the payment and the timescale.  But with more complex promises, failing to agree on the acceptance criteria at the outset leaves you open to a game of, "Oh yes I did - Oh no you didn't."

Agreeing the payment seems to be fairly simple once the deliverables and acceptance criteria have been agreed.  But, if you get into a negotiation, take a little care.  You may have to adjust the 'package' in order to reach a mutually acceptable 'price', so don't forget to feed back these adjustments into the specification and acceptance criteria.

So far, so good, but when we get to agreeing timescales, especially short timescales on more complex promises, things can get heated and emotional, if allowed to.  Only one person can control your use of your time, and that's YOU!  And it follows that you cannot control other people's use of their time.
They must do it for themselves.

On a complex promise, you need to get 'buy-in' from the rest of the team when it comes to timescales, and this must be done in an atmosphere where everybody feels free to say, "I just can't do all that you are asking within the time you are suggesting."

Have a great reputation and satisfying relationships.

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Whatever Happened To Joined Up Thinking - Part 2

The title implies that joined up thinking used to be widespread but recently we've lost the skill.  Not necessarily true; maybe we never had it!  But even ancient Greek generals debated the unpredictably far reaching effects of ripples on a lake when you lobbed in a stone.

People who can foresee the unintended ought to get a more than fair hearing, but often the opposite is the case.  They get labelled as negative, or resistant to change, or not being team players.

Even the most reasoned arguments don't guarantee that the foresight will be listened to, let alone accepted.  By 2001 scientists at the University of New Orleans were already publishing papers on the risks of having built a city near the sea, protected by levees that cause the ground behind them to sink below sea-level, as it was no longer being topped up by soil deposits from the tidal waters.

In the 1930s, sociologist Robert K Merton listed five causes of 'unanticipated consequences'.  The first two were Ignorance and Error, but the fifth is the one I find most fascinating.  The fifth cause is the Self-Defeating Prophecy, in other words the fear of a foreseen consequence drives people to find solutions before the problems happen.  The prediction then becomes false because it itself changes history.  Think of warnings of the future depth of horse manure on the streets of London, made in the 19th century!

Incidentally, it was only sometime later that Merton turned his original phrase on its head and coined the more well-known expression, the Self-Fulfilling Prophesy.

Whilst unintended consequences can hinder progress for the common good, I believe the real criticism should be levelled at the scale of the 'unintentionality', which is sometimes vast.

Popularly known today as a 'lack of joined up thinking', the possession of Critical Strategic Foresight is far from universal.  As noted in an earlier post, it seems extremely thinly spread amongst politicians of all persuasions!  Maybe President Obama can break the mould.

Merton's third cause was 'imperious immediacy of interest', that is to say a vested interest coupled to a short-term action.  Here longer-term consequences are often deliberately ignored - totally different to the genuine ignorance of the first cause.  As an example, consider the enforced adoption of spreadsheets, where the user has to enter the formulae themselves.

If you are ignorant of the appropriate algorithms and their purpose, the spreadsheet will just help you to arrive at the wrong answer more rapidly.  The time spent performing manual additions and long multiplications might well have allowed greater insight into the problem, and so resulted in you arriving at the correct answer.

Many corporations lack the infrastructure to help gather Critical Strategic Foresight, or fail to use their infrastructure correctly.  Similarly individuals need the mental 'infrastructure' to consider these, "OK.  What if ...?" questions before getting their sleeves rolled up and starting the task.

Critical Strategic Foresight is unlikely to arrive conveniently, just when you're looking for it.  Murphy's law says it will be after strategies and tactical plans have been formulated and signed off!  Because the pressure is now off, and the understanding is a lot more complete, the mind can wander laterally and those, "Oh my goodness!" moments start to happen.

One answer is to create a list of testing questions by which individuals and organisations can challenge and judge new ideas and the resulting Critical Strategic Foresight.  These question may well be of the "If, then how?" variety, or with 'how' replaced by any of the other five ways of starting an open question.  Without such an infrastructure, someone who is Critical Strategic Foresight savvy will more likely be seen as a Luddite than as an innovator.

This was noted by Merton as the fourth cause of 'unanticipated consequences', the Basic Values; in other words the very culture within which change is being sought risks stifling that change, or else its implementation will destroy the culture.

So how can Critical Strategic Foresight be cultivated?  Both individuals and organisations can adopt creative thinking methods like negative brainstorming and devil's advocacy, based on seeking out counter arguments and not shying away from, "What could go wrong if ...?" questions.  Such a culture implies that inconvenient and challenging questions will be welcomed at any time, and will be given fair consideration; an important thought when, as was noted earlier, Critical Strategic Foresight doesn't always arrive just when you ask for it.  The understanding needed for Critical Strategic Foresight to flourish can take time and experience.

New strategies and technologies can usually be explained in broad terms when required, but unintended consequences often arise from the detail.  Therefore strategies should be defined in detail, prior to their implementation, and the detail not left to be created as the project goes along.  Views of consequential outcomes should be sought from those with an in-depth understanding and years of experience - the sort of 'nit-picking Luddites' who actually welcome progress, but not change for change's sake.

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Why Bother Going To Networking Meetings

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Why do you bother going to networking meetings? Why do you

• Get up before dawn?
• Have a shower before the central heating's come on?
• Drive several miles in the cold, dark and rain?
• Consume rather more caffeine and cholesterol than you ought to?

So what's your answer? While you're thinking about it, let me tell you mine. I go to networking meetings for four key reasons:

• To meet strangers
• To recruit and train my surrogate sales team
• To be recruited and trained by other people into their surrogate sales teams
• To enjoy myself, and help others do the same

I hope your reasons and objectives are along approximately similar lines. How can you best go about achieving them?

1. Meet Strangers
If you meet exactly the same people every time, what are you gaining by going? You could claim that every time you meet, you get to know each other a little better, and I should jolly well hope this is true! But do you need to go to a networking meeting in order to do this? You now know each other and have one another's contact details. Couldn't you arrange to meet for a (several?) more in-depth chats without needing to do so at a networking meeting? If it was the case that strangers were there to be met at the networking event, wouldn't it rob you both of 'stranger-meeting time' if you were to talk to each other?

And one other thought. Any one-to-many networking that you do - such as going round the table, each introducing yourself for 30 or 60 seconds - has only one purpose. To stimulate a request for a one-to-one conversation! It would actually be most unusual for anyone to get business as a result of their elevator pitch without any other contact whatever!

Are all strangers likely to be equally nice to chat to, in need of your contacts, or helpful to you? Of course not! We can all work on our rapport building if we need to, and become nice people to chat to. But who might be most in need of your contacts? And who might be the most helpful type of stranger for you?

The answers to these two questions are really the two sides of the same coin. Both of you want to be meeting people who are naturally 'rubbing shoulders' with your ideal customers. And you need to make sure this happens regularly. But this does not always have to be a one-to-one process. Several people can form such a 'loop' and it will work as long as the loop is closed.

2. Recruit and Train Your Sales Team
How many of you have gone to a networking meeting with this as a specific objective rather than as vague wishful thinking? OK then, how many of you have either been employed in a sales team and never had any team building, product training or motivational meetings, or could imagine such a scenario if you haven't? Of course it sounds ridiculous, so why think you can avoid it when it comes to your network?

There are three crucial ideas you must keep in mind about what is, after all, your 'surrogate' sales team.

• You don't employ them so they don't have to do as you ask
• You don't employ them so there's no financial incentive to do as you ask
• You don't employ them so they don't have a job to lose if they don't

Now you have to get them to sell for you!

Do also bear in mind, you're not requiring them to actually sell your product or service! You can do that yourself when you get face-to-face with the prospect. What you want them to do is to spot and qualify opportunities for you. But you don't just want them to say, "I noticed this .... as I was driving past. Why don't you contact them?"

You want them to have had conversations with people which conclude with something like, "You really need to speak to my friend ..... They should be able to help you. I'll get them to contact you."

To do this your 'salesperson' must know, because you have trained them, how to spot one of your ideal customers and how to identify that they have the sort of problems you can fix. Most importantly they must be able to build up sufficient empathy that the person will agree that they would like to find out more about getting rid of the pain the problem is causing.

To do this you must have trained your team to recognise the symptoms or pains of such problems, and the key to this is giving them a very simple tool that will help in this identification. For example, if your forté is helping companies whose Marketing function is not fully effective, you need to give me a tool for recognising ineffective marketing.

This also covers point 3. and I'm sure you don't need my help with number 4.!

Even More Stuff For You

My new website is now up and running, packed with Sales and Marketing tips and advice plus information on how to get even more. Take a look at http://www.davidwinch.co.uk/

Thought for the week is about Networking Meetings.

A Networking Meeting is actually your Sales Team Training and Motivation Meeting, so you have to remember:

• You don't employ them - So they don't have to do what you ask!


• You don't employ them - So they don't have a job to lose if they don't!


• You don't employ them - So they don't receive a salary; probably no commission either; or any other financial incentive to do what you ask!

So now get them to sell for you!

You absolutely must be able to articulate clearly and succinctly what you do, who you do it for and the good they get from it. This is sometimes called an Elevator Pitch, and is often done poorly.

Other people must be able to recognise one of your ideal customers, then recognise that they have the sort of problem that you are an expert at fixing, and then be able to suggest that no longer suffering the pain that this problem causes would be of considerable value.

Then, when they say, "You really need to talk to my friend ..... about this," you know you will be getting a high quality referral and not just a random name from their address book just so they can be seen to be giving referrals!

To be continued ...